Robotaxi Services by City and Status: Where Rides Run With No One at the Wheel

How to read the status column

The statuses run from the most to the least mature. Driverless, paid public rides means a source says the public can ride without anyone in the driver’s seat and pay; fares not stated means the source says public driverless service but not whether it charges; limited or unpaid covers invitation-only, free or small-area service; safety driver or operator aboard covers service where a person remains in the vehicle; and testing and announced are what they say. These are not the SAE levels, which describe what a driving system can do, not who is in the car; see the SAE driving levels explainer. A “driverless” service can still involve people: remote assistance and depot staff are described in robotaxis and the taxi driver’s job.

What the list shows

Fully driverless paid service appears in 24 of the 80 pairs: Waymo across US cities, Baidu and Pony.ai in mainland China, and Baidu and WeRide in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Waymo says its service has been open to all in Phoenix since 2020, Baidu reports charging for fully driverless rides in Chongqing since August 2022, and the Dubai launches in the list are dated March to August 2026.¹¹⁹²⁸ In Europe, Japan, Korea and Taiwan, the sources we opened show testing, supervised service or announcements, not driverless paid rides: the clearest cases are Zagreb, where invited passengers have taken driverless test rides, and London, where Uber and Wayve rides are supervised.³⁸³⁹³⁶ Seoul’s Gangnam service is paid but a test driver is always aboard.⁵¹

Where the evidence is thin

Three kinds of row deserve caution. First, several Chinese rows rest on one general company statement (Pony.ai’s four tier-one cities) or on a list in an annual report (Baidu’s other cities) with no per-city start date or fare statement, so they are graded as stated and not as audited. Second, Tesla’s status table says “Ramping Unsupervised” for six cities without splitting paid from unpaid rides by city, so those rows say “fares not stated”.¹⁴ Third, announcements, such as Waymo in Madrid or Foxconn and NVIDIA in Kaohsiung, are graded as vendor claims: a plan is not a service. Some rows rely on news outlets because the operator’s page was not reachable; they are marked secondary in the Sources list. We omitted anything we could not verify, including a Waymo row for Denver whose launch date we could not confirm and rows for Taiwan beyond Kaohsiung, where we found no robotaxi with public riders.

Operator totals, side by side

Operator-stated totals

The measures differ (rides, vehicles, fleet types) and are not comparable or summed. Waymo, Zoox and Tesla publish their own totals elsewhere; see robotaxis and the taxi driver’s job. Baidu, Pony.ai and WeRide have not yet published third-quarter 2026 results.

What it means for taxi drivers

Taxi drivers are SOC 53-3054.00 in O*NET. This list shows where a robotaxi can take over the driving task, not how many drivers are affected: none of the sources reports driver numbers, and exposure is not job loss. For the taxi driver’s tasks, graded with their evidence, see robotaxis and the taxi driver’s job. This list will be updated as services change, and weekly while launches dated for the fourth quarter of 2026 arrive.